Oslo (Norway)

Oslo is a municipality, every bit good every bit the upper-case missive of the alphabet together with almost populous metropolis inwards Norway. As a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt), it was established on 1 Jan 1838. Founded some 1048 yesteryear King Harald III of Norway, the metropolis was largely destroyed yesteryear burn inwards 1624. The metropolis was moved nether the reign of Denmark–Norway's King Christian IV. It was rebuilt closer to Akershus Castle, together with renamed Christiania inwards his honor (also spelled Kristiania inwards the belatedly 1800s). In 1925, 20 years afterward Kingdom of Norway had gained independence, the metropolis reclaimed its master copy Norwegian name, Oslo. The diocese of Oslo is 1 of the 5 master copy dioceses inwards Norway, which originated some the twelvemonth 1070.

At the site of the ancient farm inwards Bjørvika, a novel skyline is rising.

Oslo is the cultural, scientific, economical together with governmental centre of Norway. The metropolis is too a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, manufacture together with shipping. It is an of import centre for maritime industries together with maritime merchandise inwards Europe. The metropolis is dwelling to many companies inside the maritime sector, some of which are with the world's largest transportation companies, shipbrokers together with maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a airplane pilot metropolis of the Council of Europe together with the European Commission intercultural cities programme.

Bygdøy

Oslo is considered a global metropolis together with ranked "Beta World City" inwards studies performed yesteryear the Globalization together with World Cities Study Group together with Network inwards 2008. For several years, Oslo has been listed every bit 1 of the almost expensive cities inwards the basis along with such other global cities, every bit Zurich, Geneva, Copenhagen, Paris, together with Tokyo. In 2009, however, Oslo regained its condition every bit the world's almost expensive city. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 survey conducted yesteryear ECA International inwards 2014 placed Oslo 2nd afterward Tokyo.

Example of Oslo's modern architecture. Detail from Oslo Opera House

As of 2010, the metropolitan surface area of Oslo has a population of 1,442,318 of whom 912,046 alive inwards the contiguous conurbation. The population currently increases at a tape charge per unit of measurement of 1.64% annually, making it the fastest growing metropolis inwards Europe. This growth stems from immigration, every bit the Norwegian population inwards the metropolis is decreasing. The immigrant percentage of the population inwards the metropolis proper straightaway counts to a greater extent than than 25% of the city's total.

Stortinget is the spot of Norway's parliament.

Climate

Oslo has a humid continental climate (Dfb according to the Köppen climate classification system). Because of the city's northern latitude, daylight varies greatly, from to a greater extent than than xviii hours inwards midsummer, when it never gets completely black at night, to some 6 hours inwards midwinter.[citation needed] Despite its northerly location, the climate is relatively mild throughout the twelvemonth because of the Gulf Stream.

Slottet is the dwelling of the Royal Family.

Oslo has pleasantly mild to warm summers with average high temperatures of 20–22 °C (68–72 °F) together with lows of some 12 °C (54 °F). Temperatures overstep 25 °C (77 °F) quite often, together with heatwaves are mutual during the summer. The highest temperature e'er recorded was 35 °C (95 °F) on 21 July 1901. Due to the fjord beingness a relatively enclosed torso of water, the H2O temperatures tin larn quite high during long warm periods. Winters are mutual depression temperature together with snowy with temperatures betwixt −7 °C (19 °F) upwards to −1 °C (30 °F). The coldest temperature recorded is −27.1 °C (−16.8 °F) inwards Jan 1942. Temperatures bring tended to live higher inwards recent years.

Office buildings inwards Bjørvika, component subdivision of the redesign of onetime dock together with industrial province inwards Oslo known every bit The Barcode Project.

Annual atmospheric precipitation is 763 millimetres (30.0 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Snowfall tin tumble out from Nov to April, precisely snowfall accumulation occurs mainly from Jan through March. Almost every winter, H2O ice develops inwards the innermost parts of the Oslofjord, together with during some winters the whole inner fjord freezes. As it is far from the mild Atlantic H2O of the due west coast, this large fjord tin freeze over completely, although this has move rare. Even for its latitude, Oslo is outstandingly cloudy, receiving a diminutive average of 1,668 hours of vivid sunshine annually. Of the 4,456 possible sunshine hours that could live received annually, Oslo receives alone 1,668 (37%) of that total.

University of Oslo campus.

Cityscape

Oslo's cityscape is beingness redeveloped every bit a modern metropolis with various access-points, an extensive metro-system with a novel fiscal district together with a cultural city. In 2008, an exhibition was held inwards London presenting the award-winning Oslo Opera House, the urban regeneration scheme of Oslo's seafront, Munch/Stenersen together with the novel Deichman Library. Most of the buildings inwards the metropolis together with inwards neighbouring communities are depression inwards elevation with alone the Plaza, Postgirobygget together with the highrises at Bjørvika considerably taller.

Norwegian School of Management (BI) primary building.

Architecture

Oslo's architecture is real diverse. Architect Carl Frederik Stanley (1769–1805), who was educated inwards Copenhagen, spent some years inwards Kingdom of Norway some the plough of the 19th century. He did fry plant for wealthy patrons inwards together with some Oslo, precisely his major achievement was the renovation of the Oslo Katedralskole, completed inwards 1800. He added a classical portico to the front end of an older structure, together with a semi-circular auditorium that was sequestered yesteryear Parliament inwards 1814 every bit a temporary house to assemble, straightaway preserved at Norsk Folkemuseum every bit a national monument.

Historic buildings at Norsk Folkemuseum

Christiania, inwards 1814 promoted to the condition of a upper-case missive of the alphabet city, had practically no buildings suitable for the many novel authorities institutions. An ambitious edifice programme was initiated, precisely realised real slow because of a strained economy. The kickoff major task was the Royal Palace, designed yesteryear Hans Linstow together with built betwixt 1824 together with 1848. Linstow too planned Karl Johans gate, the avenue connecting the Palace together with the city, with a monumental foursquare halfway to live surrounded yesteryear buildings for the University, the Parliament (Storting) together with other institutions. Only the University buildings were realised according to this plan. Christian Heinrich Grosch, 1 of the kickoff fully educated architects inwards Norway, designed the master copy edifice for the Oslo Stock Exchange (1826–1828), the local branch of the Bank of Kingdom of Norway (1828), Christiania Theatre (1836–1837), together with the kickoff campus for the University of Oslo (1841–1856). For the University buildings, he sought the assistance of the renowned German linguistic communication architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel.

Nobel Peace Center

The German linguistic communication architectural influence persisted inwards Norway, together with many wooden buildings followed the principles of Neoclassicism. In Oslo, the German linguistic communication architect Alexis de Chateauneuf designed Trefoldighetskirken, the kickoff neo-gothic church, completed yesteryear von Hanno inwards 1858.

The National Theatre is the largest house inwards Norway

A publish of landmark structures, peculiarly inwards Oslo, were built inwards the functionalist style, the kickoff 1 beingness the Skansen eating spot (1925–1927) yesteryear Lars Backer, demolished inwards 1970. Backer too designed the eating spot at Ekeberg, opened inwards 1929. The fine art gallery Kunstnernes Hus yesteryear Gudolf Blakstad together with Herman Munthe-Kaas (1930) soundless shows influence from the preceding classicist tendency of the 1920s. Oslo Airport (by the Aviaplan consortium at Gardermoen was Norway's largest construction projection ever.

Train leaving Nationaltheatret (station)

Transportation

Oslo has Norway's almost extensive world carry system, managed yesteryear Ruter. This includes the six-line Oslo Metro, the world's almost extensive subway scheme per resident, the six-line Oslo Tramway together with the eight-line Oslo Commuter Rail.[74] The tramway operates inside the areas unopen to the metropolis centre, piece the metro, which runs hush-hush through the metropolis centre, operates to suburbs farther away; this includes ii lines which operate to Bærum, together with the Ring Line which loops to areas due north of the centre.

Flytoget (Airport Express Train); a High-speed rail connecting the metropolis with its primary airport, Oslo Airport, Gardermoen.

Oslo Central Station acts every bit the fundamental hub, together with offers develop services to almost major cities inwards southern Kingdom of Norway every bit good every bit Stockholm together with Gothenburg inwards Sweden. The Airport Express Train operates along the high-speed Gardermoen Line. The Drammen Line runs nether the metropolis centre inwards the Oslo Tunnel. Some of the metropolis islands together with the neighbouring municipality of Nesodden are connected yesteryear ferry. Daily cruiseferry services operate to Copenhagen together with Frederikshavn inwards Denmark, together with to Kiel inwards Germany.

Many of the motorways compass through the downtown together with other parts of the metropolis inwards tunnels. The construction of the roads is partially supported through a toll ring. The major motorways through Oslo are European Route E6 together with E18. There are iii beltways, the innermost which are streets together with the outermost, Ring 3 which is an expressway.

The primary airdrome serving Oslo is Oslo Airport, Gardermoen, located inwards Ullensaker, 47 kilometres (29 mi) from the metropolis centre of Oslo. It acts every bit the primary international gateway to Norway, together with is the sixth-largest domestic airdrome inwards Europe.

 Gardermoen is a hub for Scandinavian Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle together with Widerøe. Oslo is too served yesteryear ii secondary airports, which serve some low-cost carriers, such every bit Ryanair: Moss Airport, Rygge together with Sandefjord Airport, Torp, the latter beingness 110 kilometres (68 mi) from the city.